Burner



(ModeL) J GIBBONS.

BURNER.

No. 398,505. Patented Feb. 26, 1889.

WITNESSES INYENTOR ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERSY Phuio-Lllhngmpher. Washmglflll. n.c

arnnr trier,

JAMES GIBBONS, OF JERSEY CITY, NElV JERSEY.

BURNER.

$PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 398,505, dated February 26, 1889.

V Application filed October 11, 1887- Serial No. 251,983. (Moduld To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES GIBBONS,OlI' Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Burner, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to burners adapted to burn fluid fuelscoal or water gases, more par- The invention consists in certain novel tea tures of construction and combinations of parts of the burner, all as hereinafter described and claimed. i.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of my improved burner and part of a fluid-fuelsupply pipe to which it is coupled, and indicates in dotted lines a modified support for the burner. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner in horizontal section on the line it a, Fig. 1. 3 is a transverse section of the burner, taken on the line 1 y, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the burner, taken on the line z z, Fig. 1.

The drawings represent a preferred form of the burner, the body or casing A of which is internally screw-threaded at its bottom aperture to fit upon the lower screw-threaded end of a tube, 13, which is connected by a T or other suitable coupling, C,with a feed-pipe, D, through which fluid fuel-such as coal or water gas-passes to the burner. A nut, E, on the lower threaded end of the tube B is shown screwed hard to the coupling C, to prevent turnin ot' the tube in the coupling when the burner-body A is screwed up or down on the tube for regulating the supply of air to the burner, in a manner hereinafter fully eX- plained; but when the tube B is screwed or moved up or down in a relatively stationary body A for this purpose the nut E will preterably be set against the body A, to lock the parts A B at any desired relative adjustment. \Vhen the supply of air to the burner is to be controlled by adjusting the tube 1: in the body A, as above described, the body will be held stationary by any suitable means-a bracket-arm, J for instance, which is shown in dotted lines in. Fig. 1 of the drawings.

The top portion, a, of the burner-bod y A is preferably made flaring upward, and is preferably cast in one piece with the lower main portion, a, of the body; but this part a may be made separate and may be attached to the part a in any approved way, as by screwthreads or rivets.

The part a of the burner-body A, surrminding the tube B, is sufliciently larger than the tube to provide an air chamber or pas-sage, F, between them, and the tube at or near the bottom of the body A is provided with one or more side apertures, b, for entrance of air from the passage F to the interior of the tube, which at its lower portion is or may be provided with a hollow plug, G, which communicates with the gas or fluid fuel supply pipe D, and has an orifice, g, through which the gasissues to the tube B, to eonnningle therein with the airand pass therewith through said. tube to the point of ignition of the burner. Any suitable cocks or valves may be provided in the pipe D to control in a measure the pressure and feed of gas or other H uid fuel to the burner. Lugs 603, which are preferably cast on or fixed to the burner-body A, rest against the tube at or near its top portion to brace or stay it laterally in all directions.

It willbe noticed that when the bu liner-body A is moved up or down on the tube 13, or when this tube is moved down or up in the body, the bottom of the body will in either case cover more or less of the air-inlet openinl); hence the volume of air admitted to the burner may be controlled directly at the inlets b by relatively adjustinthe burner body and tube. That portion G oi the tube B bclow the apertures 19 may be termed the jett-nbe, and that part of it above the apertures is the mixing-tube," wherein the gas admitted at the orifice g and the superheated air admitted at the apertures b are intermixed prior to their passage together to the point of ignition of the burner.

To the top of the tube B is held, prefer ably by a screw-thrcaded connection, a cupshaped vessel, ll,which maybe called a ilamecup, and which preferably has the same general form as the top a of the burner-body, which surrounds it; but the cup is smaller than the part a of the burner-body, to provide between the parts a H a passage, I, through which a downwardly-moving current of air travels on its way to the passage F of the body A, and thence to the mixing-tube B through its apertures b. To the cup H there is held, preferaliily by a flange, j, a depending outer plate or ring, J, which has a larger diameter than the top a of the burner-body, and preferably flares downward and provides a space, K, between the parts a J ft r upward travel of air,which enters the passage I through a passage, 71, at the top of the cup II, or between the cup and the flange j, which supports the plate J from the cup. The parts H j J are preferably east in one piece; but it will be understood that the outer plate, .T, and air-space K are not essential to the successful use of inyinvention, as will be hcrei nafter more fully explained.

The top edge or portion, at, of the main part of the burnerbody A normally stands off from the opposite portion or lower wall, h, of the cup 1-1 for a distance about equaling the width of the space or passage h at the top of the cup, to form a passage, L, between the body A and cup H, to establish communication between the air-passages I F. By relatively adjusting the burner-body A and tube B, as above described, the passage L, and also 1 the upper passage, It, may be enlarged oreont acted, and thereby also serve, with the regulation of the air-supply directly at the tubeopenings 1), as above described, to increase or diminish the volume of air entering the mixing-tube of the burner, and thus control the air-supply to a nicety, as may be required for the volume and quality of the fluid fuel used to secure and maintai 11 approximately perfect combustion and a most intense heat at the point of ignition in the cup H. The regulation of the air-supply through either or both openings L 7L may also be effected by screwing the cup H up or down on the tube B; but 11; is preferred to shift the body A on the tube for this purpose, because by adjusting the parts A B at their lower connection with each other, where they are cooler, there is little chance of the parts sticking, as they would be liable to do at a screw-threaded joint between the tube and the cup. Furthermore, the parts B ll may be formed in one piece; but in this case the cup H could not be adjusted on the tube B, as above intimated.

It will be noticed that the volume of air entering the tube B of the burner, after being highly heated or superheated while flowing through the passages I F, may be regulated at will at each of three poi.ntsnamely, at their inlets b, or at the passage L at the lower part of the cup IT, or at the passage 71 at the top of the passage I in or around the cup. In practice I purpose controlling the air-supply either at the inlets I) of the tube B or at the passage L at the bottom of the cup ll. This choice of place of regulating the volume of air passing to the interior of the mixing-tube and thence to the point of ignition of the burner is one of the incidental features of a preferred form of device embodying th 0 important f undam cntal principles of construction of the burner, which, briefly stated, are, providing a chamber communicating with the interior of the mixing-tube of the burner, and through which chamber air is passed to superheat it prior to its parsige, commingled with the fluid fuel, to the point of ignition of the burner, providing a burner having an 'apertured mixing-tube and a body or casing surrounding the tube and forming a chamber or passage between them for air which is superheated in said passage on its way to the point of ignition through the mixing-tube, and, finally, making the mixing-tube and burner body or casing relatively adjustable for controlling or regulating passage of air to and through the tube to the point of ignition of the burner.

A bridge piece or bar, M, is fixed to and in the cup ll, and a screw, N, threaded into the bridge-piece, has swivelcd or'fixed to it a plate, 0, which preferably is a segment of a sphere or has a concavo-convex form set rounded side uppermost, and is a little smaller all around than the wall of the cup H, to provide a passage, P, between its edge and the cup, from which passage an unbroken volume or wall of flame issues and impinges against the side wall of the cup to heat it intensely, to assure the best superheating effect on the air flowing through the passage 1 to the burner-body passage or chamber F and the mixing-tube 13. That portion ll of the interior of the cup H below the deflecting-plate 0 may be termed the mixing-chamber of. the cup, or the place where the superheated air and gas mix intimately prior to their exit together through the passage P to the point of ignition at and above theplate O, and that portion H2 of the interior of the cup 11 above the plate 0 is the flame-chamber, wherein the burner flames to give out heat for its intended uses and meanwhile heat the side walls of the flamechambcr to superheat the current of air intlowing down the passage I next the wall of the cup. The chief function of the plate 0 is to deflect the rising currents of gas, and thus direct the flame of the burner against the sides of the cup, as above described; but I have also provided said deflector-plate O with a series of perforations, 0, through which. some of the mixed superheated air and gas may pass for ignition above and at the center of the plate 0 within the cup H, to allow sol- IIO dering or other irons or tools or devices to be more quickly and effectively heated at the cup by this central flame. It is obvious that by turning the screw N in the bridge-piece M the deflector-plate 0 maybe adjusted in the cup 11 to enlarge or. contract the passage l" at the point of ignition of. the burner, and therebyregulate the size or intensity of the flame, as circumstances may require.

The operation of the preferred form of burner shown in the drawings is as follows: The gas or fluid fuel entering the mixing tube B from the pipe D will be met in the tube by air which had entered the tube through the passages K h I L F I), and the commingled gas and air will rise through the tube 15 to the point of ignition at and above the deflector-plate O, and the flame, by impinging against the side walls of the flame-cup H, will superheat the ai r flowing through th e. passages I L to the point of ignition, thereby effecting considerable economy in maintaining a ma Xlmum heat in the tlail'ie-eup with a minimum supply of gas.

It is well known that all gas or fluid-fuel burners of necessity receive a supply of air at the point of ignition for supporting the flame, and in some cases such air-supplyis in a heated condition; but the air commingles with. the fuel-supply only at the point of ignition and during the comlnistion, while in my burner superheated airis supplied to the fuel in advance of the point of ignition of the burner, to cause said superheated air to commingle with the fluid fuel in the mixing-tube and pass with the fuel through said tube to the point of ignition, and whereby a praotically perfect combustion is assured and a great heat is maintained without waste of fuel, and the escape of noxious gases from the burner is almost entirely obviated.

The outer plate or wall, J providing an airpassage, K, is not essential; but this plate, by eoniinin a body of air around the outer wall, a, of the body A, heats the air to some extent before it enters the passage I. It will also be understood that the upper part, a, of the body A, which forms an outer or double wall to the flame-cup and provides theair-passage I, may be dispensed with, as air entering the passage L at the base of the flame-cup would be highly heated by the cup on its way to mingle with the gas in the lube li, to pass tln-n'ewith to the point of ignition; but by providing this outer wall, (I, or, in other words, a doublewalled flame-cup, II a, the heat radiating from the side walls of the cup II is utilized to superheat the air in the passage I in the flame-cup walls, and the air will thus be given a very high temperature on its way to the point of ignition of the burner, and the flame will be intensely hot within the liamecup, as it is obvious that the hotter theairwhichis supplied to the tube 13 to mingle therein with the gases passing to the point of ignition the hotter and more effective will be the flame of the burner.

Inlet of air to the mixing-tube l; maybe entirely cut off by relatively adjusting the burner body and tube as above described, when the heat of a flame in the cup H from the burning of gas alone is sufiieient for the work in hand.

Any vessel, device, or structure to beheated may be set in, next to, or built around the burner, which may have any desired size, as circumstances attending its use may require.

.l'lavin thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a burner, the emnljlination of a fuelsupply pipe, forming also a gas and air mixing tube and apertured at its inner part for inlet of air, and abody or casingsurrounding the pipe and forming aehamber supplying or conducting superheated air to the interior of the pipe and in advance of the point of ignition of the burner, the aperture of saidl fuelsupply pipe and mixing-tube forming the out let from said superheatiug-ehamber toward the point of ignition for the air superheated in said chamber, and said body or casin g and the fuel-supply pipe and mixing-tube made relatively adjustable to control the supply of superheated air to said pipe and to the point of ignition of the burner, substantially as herein set forth.

2. In a burner, the combination of a fuelsupply pipe, forming also a gas and air mixing tube and aperti'u'ed at ifs inner part for inlet of air, a flame-cup held at the outer part of said pipe, and a body or casing surrounding the pipe, and also the side walls of the flame cup, and forming outside the pipe a main chamber supplying or conducting super- I heated air to the interior of the pipe, and forming at or next the flame-cup walls a passage i'or super-heating air prior to its inlet to the air-superheating chamber around the pipe, said inner aperture of the fuel-supply pipe forming the outlet from said chamber toward the point of ignition for the air superheated in said chamber, substantially as herein set forth.

In a burner, the combination of a fuelsupply pipe, forming also a gas and air mixing tube and apertured at its inner part for inlet of air, a flame-cup held at the outer part of said pipe, and a"body or casing surrounding the pipe and forming a chamber supplying or comlucting si'iperhcated air to the interior. of the pipe and through its inner aperture in advance of the point of ignition at the flame-cup, said body or casing and fuel-supply pipe made relatively adjustable to regulate the supply of air to the pipe at apassage next the l'lamecup wall, and said inner aperture of the pipe forming the outlet from the air-superheating chamber toward the point of i nition for the air superheated in said chamber, substantially as herein set forth.

at. In a burner, the combination of a fuelsupply pipe, forming also a gas and air mixing tube and apertured at its inner part for inlet of air, a flame-cup held at the outer part of said pipe, a plate fitted in the flame-cup to deflect the flame to its side walls, and a body or casing surrounding the pipe, and also the side Walls'of the Hamecup, and forming outside the pipe a main chamber supplying or conducting superheated air to the interior of the pipe, and forming next the flame-cup Walls a passage for superheating air prior to its inlet to the air-superheating chamber around the pipe, said inner aperture of the fuel-supply pipe forming the outlet from said chamber toward the point of ignition for the air superheated in the passage next the flamecup walls and in the chamber outside the pipe, substantially as herein set forth.

5. The combination, in a burner, of a gas 1 and air mixing tube, B B, apertured at b at its inner part, and a casing, A, having an open outer end admitting air and fitted at its closed inner end to the mixing-tube beyond or outside of its apertures b, substantially as shown and described, whereby an air superheating and conducting chamber, F, is formed between the mixingtube and casing, and the superheated air from said chamber will find passage into the mixing-tube through its apertures b, as and for the purposes set forth.

6. The combination, in a burner, of a gas and air mixing tube, B 1-3, apertured at 11 at 1 its inner part, and a sun-minding casing, A, having an open outer end, admitting air and fitted adjustably at its closed inner end by a screw-joint to the mixing-tube beyond or outside of its apertures b, substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination, in a burner, of a gas and air mixing tube, B B, apertured at b at its inner part, a flame-cup, H, held to the outer end or part of the mixing-tube, a casing, A, fitted at its inner closed end to the mixing-tube beyond or outside of its apertures b, and extending outward around the tube to form an air superheating and conducting chamber, F, and extending, also, around the flame-cup to form an air-superheating passage, I, all arranged for operation substantially as herein set forth.

S. In a burner, the combination, with the tube B B, apertured at Z) and communicating with a fuel-feed pipe, of a body or casing, A, titted tothe tube back of its aperture, and having a part, a, surrounding the tube, and an upper part, a, of a flame-cup, H, held to the tube and providing a passage, I, between the part a of the body and the side walls of the cup, and a pendentwall, .I,for1ning an air-inlet and heating-chamber, K, outside the part a of the body which surrounds the i'lame-cup,substantially as herein set forth.

9. The combination, in a burner, and with afuel-supply pipe, forming also a gas and air mixing tube having an air-inlet at its inner part, and a body or casing fitted to the pipe behind its air-inlet and surrounding the pipe to form an air-superheating chamber, of a 1 fuel-feed-pipe coupling, to which the burnerpipe is threaded, and a lock-nut on the burner-supply pipe at the coupling, substantially as herein. set forth.

JAMES GIBBONS.

Witnesses:

HENRY L. GoonWiN, C. SEDeWIcK. 

